Mujib Biosphere Reserve was established in 1985 and is located along the eastern shore of the Dead Sea in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. It covers an area of approximately 212 km² and extends about 24 km along the Dead Sea coastline. The reserve is part of the Jordan Rift Valley landscape, with elevations ranging from 402 meters below sea level to about 800 meters above sea level in the eastern highlands.

The reserve is managed by the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature as part of integrated ecosystem management programs in the Jordan Valley. It is considered one of the most important biodiversity hotspots in Jordan due to its diverse habitats and the presence of species of national, regional, and global conservation concern.

Mujib Biosphere Reserve encompasses two major biogeographical zones: the Irano–Turanian zone and the Sudanian (Acacia and rocky) zone. It also includes five main vegetation types: Irano–Turanian (Steppe), Mediterranean, Saline, Tropical, and Aquatic vegetation. This ecological diversity has significantly contributed to high levels of biodiversity within the reserve.

The reserve features a complex drainage system made up of three main streams: Wadi Mujib, Wadi Hidan, and Wadi Zarqa Ma’in, along with several perennial wadis such as Wadi Attoun, Wadi Abu Retama, and Wadi Shegeig. These wadis provide permanent and seasonal water flow, creating unique wetland habitats that support rich wildlife populations. They also contribute to the Dead Sea, one of the lowest points on Earth, and play a key role in its hydrological balance.

Mujib Reserve has been recognized as a wetland of international importance and as an Important Bird Area (IBA) along the African–Eurasian migratory flyway. Its location makes it a critical stopover site for feeding, resting, and breeding of migratory birds traveling between Africa and Europe.

The reserve contains diverse habitats including rocky wadis, springs, oases, steppe vegetation, and riverine ecosystems. These habitats support a wide range of wildlife, including mammals such as the Nubian ibex (Capra nubiana), rock hyrax, and Eurasian badger, as well as predators like the caracal (Caracal caracal).

Mujib is also internationally important for migratory birds, including white storks, black storks, buzzards, honey buzzards, and Levant sparrowhawks. It also supports breeding populations of globally threatened species such as the lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni) and several raptors.

In addition, the reserve supports significant genetic biodiversity, including plant and animal species of ecological, medicinal, and economic importance. However, many of these species are under pressure due to overgrazing, hunting, deforestation, and other human activities.

Conservation efforts in Mujib include habitat protection, biodiversity monitoring, rangeland management, species reintroduction programs, enforcement of regulations, and environmental awareness initiatives aimed at ensuring long-term ecosystem sustainability.